GMAT阅读备考之长难句三部曲

长难句的学习，是我们提高阅读能力最基本的一步。

　　那么怎么来复习长难句呐?下面我们来说一下复习长难句的三个方法：结构分析法， 意群阅读法和重点词汇合理推测法。

　　下面我们通过实例来讲解一下如何通过这三种方法来加强我们对长难句的理解。

　　一、结构分析法：

　　通过句法，语法分析，迅速弄清句子的主体结构，分辨出是简单句，并列句还是复合句?然后哪些是修饰成分?这些修饰成分的修饰对象是谁?从而迅速理清这个句子的主体意思。

　　比如：

　　范例1：

　　There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processes such as uplift, which create new landscape features, and destructive forces such as erosion, which gradually wear away exposed landforms.

　　简单句

　　2、主干：

　　there are…influences ….: constructive processes…. and destructive forces…

　　3、修饰成分：

　　influences that shape the terrain

　　processes such as uplift, which create

　　forces such as erosion, which gradually

　　即使有些地方看不懂，但整句话的主体意思却已经一目了然了。

　　范例2：

　　Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.

　　1.复合句not…until….

　　2.主干：Not one of the potential investors is expected …until a merger agreement is signed….

　　3.修饰成分：

　　expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank

　　a merger agreement is signed that includes…

　　that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were

　　二、意群阅读法：

　　意群：几个表示同类意思的词或者语法结构。

　　读意群就是把这几个词或者语法结构作为一个个体来看，才能够 从整体上理解这句话的意思， 从而提高阅读速度。

　　范例1：

　　That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors` charge is commonly recognized by advocate of free-market economic theories.

　　1、 主干：That …is …recognized by

　　2、意群:

　　主语：

　　(1) 主语意群：each large firm 每个大公司

　　(2) 宾语意群：act with….. and thus avoid ….

　　出于各自的利益考虑而行动， 将避免其产品卖的比其他竞争者更昂贵

　　谓语意群：is commonly

　　宾语意群：recognized by ……被自由市场经济理论的支持者所认识

　　范例2：

　　If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties

　　1、主干：If the competitor can prove …the United States company’s products will be…

　　2、意群：

　　主语意群：the United States company’s products美国公司的产品

　　系表结构：will be uncompetitive

　　If和since引导的从句可以划分为两个意群：

　　1)If the competitor can prove injury—and that

　　如果竞争者能够证明受了进口的伤害—而且能够证明美国公司在国外设厂时接受了外国政府的资助

　　2)还有一个since引导的原因状语从句since they would be subject to duties

　　因为这些产品将被征税

　　三、重点词汇合理推测法：

　　很多长难句里面除了常规的词汇以外，还会有一些专业词汇，特别陌生，少见的词汇以及一些抽象词汇，如何处理这些词汇，从而增强我们对句子理解，同样重要。一般我们通过以下几点来处理这些词汇。

　　根据上下文之间的逻辑关系处理：

　　Semantics，the study of them earning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

　　Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others。

　　What scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house of the brain located in the back of the skull.

　　2)根据词根进行合理推断：

　　I’m illiterate about such things.

　　Insecticide is applied where it is needed.

　　3)忽略不必要的生词

　　Robert is six years old, and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer.

　　Since the start of the space age, orbits near Earth have become more and more littered, often from the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material, fuel tanks, and payload covers.

　　通过上面这三个方法的练习， 相信我们对长难句的理解力肯定会提高很多。