托福阅读题型及长难句分析

　　托福阅读是很多考生会花大力气去攻克的一个部分，特别文章中出现的长难句，想要快速看懂需要具有一定的英语基础。得先了解它都考些什么~

　　托福阅读题型

　　各类题型特征及解题方法：

　　词汇题

　　问法：The word/phrase XXX is closest in meaning to____

　　指代题

　　问法：The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to

　　事实题

　　问法：According to the passage， what/ which/ why/ when?

　　推断题（需要精确理解）

　　问法：What can we infer from the passage?

　　注意：既然是 infer，imply，就一定不是原文中明确说出的，而是需要我们通过阅读文章，有根据地进行推测得出的结果。

　　举例说明概述题（例子的作用）

　　插入句子题

　　将选项中所给的句子放入原文的某个位置，注意：这一部分需要我们分析文章段落和句子间的逻辑关系。

　　句子要点题

　　问法：which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?

　　总结题

　　托福阅读长难句分析

　　1. 从句（定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等）

　　This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valley.

　　这是一个由which引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的trees。

　　2. 介词短语

　　David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change (in the animal life)(around the fort)(during the period)(between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832.)

　　在这句话中，括号里的都是介词短语，做修饰成分。

　　?in the animal life做定语修饰前面的名词change；

　　?around the fort做地点状语修饰谓语动词found，说明发现的地点；

　　?during the period和between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832做时间状语修饰谓语动词found，说明发现的地点。

　　3. 分词(现在分词、过去分词)

　　This"atmospheric engine",invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner, Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed(outside the coal mines)(for which it had been designed.)

　　这句话中的过去分词invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by his partner做后置定语修饰前面的名词engine。

　　4. 不定式

　　The growing power of the elite,who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.

　　不定式做目的状语，表明给予他们方法的目的是什么。